ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN ADULT ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA IN FIRST COMPLETE REMISSION - A COMPARATIVE-STUDY

Purpose: Optimal postremission therapy remains controversial in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a large multicent ric trial (LALA87), we compared allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with other postremission therapies (chemotherapy or autologous transplantation] using the result of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing as a random allocation. Patients and Methods: Patient eligibil ity requirements were as follows: (1) inclusion in LALA87 trial, (2) c omplete response to induction or salvage therapy, (3) age 15 to 40 yea rs, and (4) at least one potential sibling donor. Patients with an HLA -identical sibling were assigned to the BMT group, while patients with out a sibling donor constituted the control group. Allogeneic transpla ntation was scheduled for patients in the BMT group; in the control gr oup, patients were randomly allocated to receive chemotherapy or autol ogous transplantation. Results: Of 284 eligible points, 257 entered th e study: 116 were allocated to the BMT group and 141 to the control gr oup. The 5-year survival rates were not statistically significantly di fferent between the two groups. When only patients with high-risk ALL were considered (those with [1] Philadelphia chromosome [Phl] ALL, [2] null or undifferentiated ALL, or [3] c-ALL with either age greeter th en 35 years or WBC count > 30 x 10(9)/L or time to achieve complete re mission > 4 weeks), overall survival (P =.03) and disease-free-surviva l (P =.01) were better for the BMI group compared with the control gro up (5-year overall survival rates, 44% v 20%; 5-year disease-free surv ival rates, 39% v 14%). Conclusion: Allogeneic transplantation does no t improve survival in patients with standard-risk ALL and should be re commended only for patients with adverse prognostic factors. (C) 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.