NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PELVISCOPIC ANATOMY AT THE INTERNAL INGUINAL RINGIN BOYS AND THE VASAL TRIANGLE

Objectives. We sought to explain and define normal and abnormal laparo scopic pelvic anatomy, which has only recently become the target of mu ch attention. Methods. The embryology, normal anatomic landmarks, and abnormal findings of the male pelvis, as discerned from more than 350 laparoscopic investigations in boys, were analyzed. Results. The media l umbilical ligament, the wishbone at the internal inguinal ring, the transverse vesical fold, and the vasal triangle are principal laparosc opic landmarks of the male pelvis. Deficient spermatic vessels, abnorm al gonadal locations, patent processus vaginalis, single medial umbili cal ligament, and transverse testicular ectopia were the abnormal find ings. Conclusions. Laparoscopic familiarity with the male pelvis permi ts safe and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic navigation in this ne w surgical arena.