Da. Bloom et al., NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PELVISCOPIC ANATOMY AT THE INTERNAL INGUINAL RINGIN BOYS AND THE VASAL TRIANGLE, Urology, 44(6), 1994, pp. 905-908
Objectives. We sought to explain and define normal and abnormal laparo
scopic pelvic anatomy, which has only recently become the target of mu
ch attention. Methods. The embryology, normal anatomic landmarks, and
abnormal findings of the male pelvis, as discerned from more than 350
laparoscopic investigations in boys, were analyzed. Results. The media
l umbilical ligament, the wishbone at the internal inguinal ring, the
transverse vesical fold, and the vasal triangle are principal laparosc
opic landmarks of the male pelvis. Deficient spermatic vessels, abnorm
al gonadal locations, patent processus vaginalis, single medial umbili
cal ligament, and transverse testicular ectopia were the abnormal find
ings. Conclusions. Laparoscopic familiarity with the male pelvis permi
ts safe and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic navigation in this ne
w surgical arena.