SUPERIOR DISPLACEMENT OF THE HIP IN TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT - EFFECTSOF PROSTHETIC NECK LENGTH, NECK-STEM ANGLE, AND ANTEVERSION ANGLE ON THE MOMENT-GENERATING CAPACITY OF THE MUSCLES

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of superior dis placement of the hip center and changes in three prosthetic parameters (neck length, neck-stem angle, and anteversion angle) on the capacity of muscles to generate force and moment about the hip. A three-dimens ional model that calculates the maximum isometric forces and moments g enerated by 25 muscles crossing the hip over a wide range of body posi tions was used to evaluate the effects of a 2 cm elevation of the hip center and changes in the prosthetic parameters. After superior displa cement of the hip center, the neck length was increased from O to 3 cm , the neck-stem angle was varied between 110 and 150 degrees, and the anteversion angle was varied between 0 and 40 degrees. Our analysis sh owed that a 2 cm superior displacement of the hip center would decreas e the moment-generating capacity of the four muscle groups studied (ab ductors, adductors, flexors, and extensors) if neck length were not in creased to compensate for decreased muscle length. In the computer mod el of an adult man that we used, a 2 cm increase in neck length restor ed the moment-generating capacity of the muscles by increasing muscle length and force-generating capacity. However, a 3 cm increase in neck length increased passive muscle forces substantially, which potential ly could limit joint motion. An increased neck-stem angle (i.e., a val gus neck) decreased the abduction moment arm but increased the moment- generating capacity of the other muscle groups. A change in the anteve rsion angle from O to 40 degrees had a relatively small effect on the isometric moment-generating capacity of the muscles studied.