The generation of panels of mutant mice by homologous recombination ha
s greatly increased the ability to assess the function of particular g
ene products ill vivo, The ability to control the developmental stage,
the tissue and the nature of the mutation would be an important innov
ation, A recent report((1)) demonstrates that the conservative site-sp
ecific recombination of bacteriophage pi, namely Cre-lox, can be used
successfully in combination with homologous recombination to generate
temporal- and cell-restricted mutations in vivo, This technical advanc
e allows a greater flexibility in gene targeting and will have a signi
ficant impact on how complex gene functions are studied in vivo.