Ce. Hudson et al., ELIMINATION OF METHANE FROM PROTONATED ACETALDEHYDE - THE AB-INITIO TRANSITION-STATE, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 5(12), 1994, pp. 1102-1106
The transition state (TS) for loss of CH4 from protonated acetaldehyde
has been located at the second-order Moller-Plesset (MP2)/6-31G(d, p)
level of theory. The activation energy is predicted to be 263.9 kJ/mo
l starting from the more stable form (methyl and hydrogen E) and 261.6
kJ/mol starting from the less stable form (methyl and hydrogen Z) tha
t is required for reaction. The products (methane and the formyl ion)
are predicted to lie 136.6 kJ/mol below the TS for their formation. MP
2 methods underestimate the heats of formation of both the TS and the
reaction products by about 40 kJ/mol when compared with experiment. Re
stricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations give much more accurate relat
ive energies. The MP2 TS leads directly to fragmentation and is descri
bed as a protonation of the methyl group by the acidic proton on oxyge
n. Under RHF theory the reaction is stepwise. An RHF TS similar to the
MP2 TS leads to a nonclassical intermediate (which is stable at this
level of theory) that has one of the C-H bonds protonated. This mechan
ism (protonation of an alkyl group) appears to be a general one for hi
gh energy 1,2 eliminations from organic cations.