H. Raikkonen et M. Oksanen, MICROWAVE ACOUSTIC SENSING OF WATER IN HYDROCARBON WATER SOLUTIONS, Sensors and actuators. A, Physical, 45(2), 1994, pp. 99-101
Microwave absorption in and the consequent heating of a mixture of two
fluids is used to detect the water content in liquid hydrocarbon thro
ugh observing the acoustic emission amplitude induced by the thermal e
xpansion. The applied microwave field is audio-frequency amplitude mod
ulated. An open impedance matched 2 GHz micro stripline detector has b
een developed. The method is able to detect less than 3% water concent
rations in ethanol in a simple laboratory set-up.