The dynamics of a photorefractive oscillator has been studied in the w
eakly multimode case. It is shown that the eigenmodes of the empty cav
ity provide the bases in which the transverse patterns of this oscilla
tor should be analysed. The concept of mode families i.e. sets of freq
uency degenerate modes, is very efficient to classify the different ra
nges of operation of the oscillator with Fresnel number up to 5-7. As
the complexity of the patterns increases, the interpretation in terms
of optical defects or phase singularities greatly simplifies the analy
sis.