CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN GENE - 2 COMMON MUTATIONS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PLASMA HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL CONTENT

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein regulates high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and genetic deficiency causes hyperalphalip oproteinemia (HALF). The G to A mutation in the intron 14 splice donor (I14A) has been known to be a common mutation in HALF. Recently, anot her mutant, D442G (Asp 442 to Gly), was ascertained. The allelic frequ encies of I14A and D442G were investigated using 226 unrelated patient s with HDL-C of 1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) or greater. Of these, 44 had a mutation I14A and/or D442G. The I14A was found in 15, including 4 comp ound heterozygotes (I14A/D442G) in patients with HDL-C of 2.05 mmol/L (80 mg/dL) or greater. All I14A homozygotes (n = 5) were present in th e group with HDL-C of 3.08 mmol/L (120 mg/dL) or greater, and the alle lic frequency paralleled the increase in HDL-C level. D442G was identi fied in 33, including the 4 compound heterozygotes. Its allelic freque ncy appeared as two clusters, one at HDL-C around 1.79-2.03 mmol/L (70 -79 mg/dL) and the other at HDL-C of 2.82 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) or greate r; the latter consisted exclusively of compound heterozygotes. Allelic frequency in the general population for I14A and D442G was 0.81% and 4.62%, respectively. These data suggest that D442G is a common mutatio n and that, although I14A is responsible for the most severe HALF, D44 2G leads to a relatively smaller increase in HDL-C.