EM INTERACTION OF HANDSET ANTENNAS AND A HUMAN IN PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

In personal communications, the electromagnetic interaction between ha ndset-mounted antennas and the nearby biological tissue is a key consi deration. This paper presents a thorough investigation of this antenna -tissue interaction using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) ele ctromagnetic simulation approach with detailed models of real-life ant ennas on a transceiver handset. The monopole, side-mounted planar inve rted F, top-mounted bent inverted F, and back-mounted planar inverted F antennas are selected as representative examples of external and int ernal configurations. Detailed models of the human head and hand are i mplemented to investigate the effects of the tissue location and physi cal model on the antenna performance. Experimental results are provide d which support the computationally obtained conclusions. The specific absorption rate (SAR) in the tissue is examined for several different antenna/handset configurations. It is found that for a head-handset s eparation of 2 cm, the SAR in the head has a peak value between 0.9 an d 3.8 mW/g and an average value between 0.06 and 0.10 mW/g for 1 W of power delivered to the antenna. Additionally, the head and hand absorb between 48 and 68% of the power delivered to the antenna.