Ma. Jensen et Y. Rahmatsamii, EM INTERACTION OF HANDSET ANTENNAS AND A HUMAN IN PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS, Proceedings of the IEEE, 83(1), 1995, pp. 7-17
In personal communications, the electromagnetic interaction between ha
ndset-mounted antennas and the nearby biological tissue is a key consi
deration. This paper presents a thorough investigation of this antenna
-tissue interaction using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) ele
ctromagnetic simulation approach with detailed models of real-life ant
ennas on a transceiver handset. The monopole, side-mounted planar inve
rted F, top-mounted bent inverted F, and back-mounted planar inverted
F antennas are selected as representative examples of external and int
ernal configurations. Detailed models of the human head and hand are i
mplemented to investigate the effects of the tissue location and physi
cal model on the antenna performance. Experimental results are provide
d which support the computationally obtained conclusions. The specific
absorption rate (SAR) in the tissue is examined for several different
antenna/handset configurations. It is found that for a head-handset s
eparation of 2 cm, the SAR in the head has a peak value between 0.9 an
d 3.8 mW/g and an average value between 0.06 and 0.10 mW/g for 1 W of
power delivered to the antenna. Additionally, the head and hand absorb
between 48 and 68% of the power delivered to the antenna.