CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ION ACTIVITIES IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTION

During the last decade a growing need for miniaturized sensors for the (on-line) detection of low concentrations of ions in aqueous solution has emerged. These sensors can provide direct information for localis ation of environmental pollution and can be applied in water quality m onitoring, biomedical analysis and biomonitoring. The chemical sensor system must replace the current methods of discontinuous sampling foll owed by analysis in the laboratory.