The surface M protein of group A streptococci binds factor H, a regula
tory protein of the alternative complement pathway, which may contribu
te to the antiphagocytic activity of the M molecules. To locate the fa
ctor H binding domain in the alpha-helical coiled-coil structure of th
e M molecule, the M protein was cleaved with pepsin at pH 5.8, which s
eparates the molecule approximately in half. Western blot (immunoblot)
, amino acid sequence, and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that f
actor H bound to a 14.6-kDa C-terminal fragment of the M molecule, Com
petitive inhibition of factor H binding to the 14.6-kDa fragment with
M I protein peptides Localized the binding site to amino acids 256 to
292, This segment is located within the surface-exposed region of the
M6 protein, identified as the C-repeat region, whose sequence is conse
rved among heterologous RI and M-like molecules. These studies also id
entified a second pepsin-susceptible site with the sequence ELAK locat
ed within the cell wall-associated region of the M molecule.