ROLE OF RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE, ONE-ENDED INVASION CROSSOVER AND SINGLE-STRAND ANNEALING ON INVERTED AND DIRECT REPEAT RECOMBINATION IN YEAST - DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RAD1, RAD10, AND RAD52 GENES
F. Prado et A. Aguilera, ROLE OF RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE, ONE-ENDED INVASION CROSSOVER AND SINGLE-STRAND ANNEALING ON INVERTED AND DIRECT REPEAT RECOMBINATION IN YEAST - DIFFERENT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RAD1, RAD10, AND RAD52 GENES, Genetics, 139(1), 1995, pp. 109-123
We have constructed novel DNA substrates (one inverted and three direc
t repeats) based on the same 0.6-kb repeat sequence to study deletions
and inversions in Saccharomyces cervisiae. Spontaneous deletions occu
r six to eight times more frequently than inversions, irrespective of
the distance between the repeats. This difference can be explained by
the observation that deletion events can be mediated by a recombinatio
n mechanism that can initiate within the intervening sequence of the r
epeats. Spontaneous and double-strand break (DSB)-induced deletions oc
cur as RAD52-dependent and RAD52-dependent events. Those deletion even
ts initiated through a DSB in the unique intervening sequence require
the Rad1/Rad10 endonuclease only if the break is distantly located fro
m the flanking DNA repeats. We propose that deletions can occur as thr
ee types of recombination events: the conservative RAD52- dependent re
ciprocal exchange and the nonconservative events, one-ended invasion c
rossover, and single-strand annealing (SSA). We suggest that one-ended
invasion is RAD52 dependent, whereas SSA is RAD52 independent. Wherea
s deletions, like inversions, occur through reciprocal exchange, delet
ions can also occur through SSA or one-ended invasion. We propose that
the contribution of reciprocal exchange and one-ended invasion crosso
ver vs. SSA events to overall spontaneous deletions is a feature speci
fic for each repeat system, determined by the initiation event and the
availability of the Rad52 protein. We discuss the role of the Rad1/Ra
d10 endonuclease on the initial steps of one-ended invasion crossover
and SSA as a function of the location of the initiation event relative
to the repeats. We also show that the frequency of recombination betw
een repeats is the same independent of their location (whether on circ
ular plasmids, linear minichromosomes, or natural chromosomes) and har
e similar RAD52 dependence.