Cj. Chou et al., A MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO LOADING BALANCE AND GROUNDING PLANNING IN 3-PHASE 4-WIRE DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS, Electric power systems research, 31(3), 1994, pp. 163-174
This paper proposes a multiobjective optimization approach to loading
balance and grounding planning. A new formulation is presented of the
optimal loading balance and grounding planning problem in three-phase
four-wire distribution systems. This formulation is a multiconstraint,
multiobjective and nondifferentiable optimization problem with both e
quality and inequality constraints. It encompasses four desired object
ives related to investment, operational efficiency, security, and poll
ution of the system. A method based on simulated annealing was used to
determine (i) the phase load pattern, (ii) the locations of the neutr
al to be grounded, and (iii) the types of numbers of ground electrodes
to be installed such that the desired objective functions are minimiz
ed while the load variation and system operation constraints are met.
The epsilon-constraint method was incorporated in the method to solve
the multiobjective problem. A salient feature of the method is that it
allows designers to find a desirable, global, noninferior solution of
the problem.