Optimum off-line algorithms for the list update problem are investigat
ed, The list update problem involves implementing a dictionary of item
s as a linear list. Several characterizations of optimum algorithms ar
e given; these lead to optimum algorithm which runs in time Theta 2(n)
(n - 1)!m, where n is the length of the list and m is the number of re
quests. The previous best algorithm, an adaptation of a more general a
lgorithm due to Manasse et al. (1988), runs in time Theta(n!)(2)m.