Ih. Hopkins et al., PROTON-INDUCED CHARGE-TRANSFER DEGRADATION IN CCDS FOR NEAR-ROOM TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS, IEEE transactions on nuclear science, 41(6), 1994, pp. 1984-1991
An optical technique for measuring charge transfer inefficiency (CTI)
in CCDs, operated under near-room temperature, high readout rate condi
tions, is described. It is possible to measure trap emission times and
CTI dependence on signal size, background charge and clock waveform s
hape to high accuracy, both for serial and parallel transfers. It is s
hown that the presence of background charge (or 'fat zero') can substa
ntially improve charge transfer efficiency.