CHANGE OF THE SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY OF DAUNORUBICIN-STIMULATED TOPOISOMERASE-II DNA CLEAVAGE BY EPIMERIZATION OF THE AMINO GROUP OF THE SUGAR MOIETY

Antitumor drugs stimulate topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage in a DNA sequence-specific manner. The drug sequence specificity is often v ery similar among antitumor agents of the same chemical class. In this work, we demonstrate, however, that 3'-epidaunorubicin has a markedly different sequence specificity as compared with the parent drugs daun orubicin and doxorubicin. The analogue stimulates distinct cleavage in tensity patterns in agarose and sequencing gels with two different DNA substrates, although its cleaving activity was lower than that of dau norubicin. A statistical analysis of 44 sites specifically stimulated by the analogue showed that a major difference between the analogue an d parent drugs was at position -2, where a guanine is highly preferred by the analogue, whereas parent drugs prefer a thymine and exclude in stead a guanine. Interestingly, an analogue with no substituents at th e 3'-C of the sugar was able to stimulate DNA cleavage at sites stimul ated by parent drugs as well as at those stimulated by 3'-epidaunorubi cin. In contrast, the presence of a 2'-OH or a 3'-epi-OH in the sugar moiety and the removal of the OH at 9-C of the A ring did not alter th e drug site selectivity, in agreement with several other modifications studied previously. DNA binding affinities of studied agents were not related to drug sequence specificity. The data demonstrate a critical role of the 3' position for optimal anthracycline interactions in the ternary complex. The findings, for the first time, establish a clear relationship between a specific drug substituent and base sequence sel ectivity and indicate putative DNA- and enzyme-interacting domains of the anthracycline molecule.