Localization due to damage is investigated for rate-independent plasti
city. A general class of elasto-plastic models is presented and analyz
ed in detail. Analytical localization results for homogeneous plane pr
oblems are derived and discussed. A J(2) plasticity model exhibiting n
onlinear isotropic hardening, Chaboche-Marquis nonlinear kinematic har
dening and Lemaitre-Chaboche ductile damage is thoroughly studied. Ana
lytical results for softening and localization are derived and discuss
ed. A numerical study of homogeneous plane stress states under monoton
ic biaxial loadings is conducted. Experimental results and numerical p
redictions for a notched plate with a macro-defect are presented.