FLEAS AND CONTROL METHODS

Over 2,000 species of fleas parasitise mammals and birds. A simplified study of their morphology indicates for the main identification crite ria. After listing the main families of fleas, the author outlines the identification of species most often encountered by veterinarians. Kn owledge of the different types of flea parasitism and their life cycle s is essential for effective control measures. Control is justified by the direct and indirect pathogenic roles of fleas (transmission of pl ague, tularaemia, myxomatosis, Dipylidium caninum). Effective agents a re organochlorine compounds, organophosphorus compounds, pyrethroids a nd insect growth regulators, available in various formulations to dest roy parasitic fleas on animals or in the environment. A novel method i s to administer a systemic growth regulator to dogs and cats, which pe rsists in the bloodstream and inhibits the reproduction of fleas which feed on a treated animal. Advantages and disadvantages of each formul ation are presented.