INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS ON THE INFECTIVITY OF ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS EGGS

The sensitivity of eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis to environmenta l and controlled laboratory conditions was tested. Egg material was ex posed and the infectivity was subsequently monitored by in vitro activ ation and by oral infection of the natural host, Microtus arvalis. To study the impact of environmental conditions in an endemic area of sou th-western Germany, eggs were sealed into bags of nylon mesh and expos ed to the natural climate during various seasons. The maximal survival time of eggs was 240 days in an experiment performed in autumn and wi nter and 78 days in summer. A study of the tenacity of eggs under labo ratory conditions revealed a high sensitivity to elevated temperatures and to desiccation. At 45 degrees C and 85-95 % relative humidity the infectivity was lost after 3 h as well as after 4 h exposure to 43 de grees C suspended in water. Exposure to 27 % relative humidity at 25 d egrees C as well as exposure to 15 % relative humidity at 43 degrees C resulted in a total loss of infectivity within 48 and 2 h, respective ly. Temperatures of 4 degrees C and of -18 degrees C were well tolerat ed (478 days and 240 days survival, respectively), whereas exposure to - 83 degrees C and to - 196 degrees C quickly killed off the eggs (wi thin 48 h and 20 h, respectively). Eggs of E. multilocularis were not killed off by exposure to various commercially available disinfectants applied according to the manufacturers' instructions and by exposure for 24 h to low concentrations of ethanol. Irradiation with 40 krad. f rom a (137)Caesium source prevented the development of metacestodes bu t allowed seroconversion of infected rodents.