EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR HYDROFLUORIC-ACID EXPOSURES

Exposures of as little as 2.5 per cent of the body surface to concentr ated hydrofluoric acid (HF) may be fatal. Survival after major HF expo sures is facilitated by aggressive emergency management which, we feel , includes wound irrigation, subeschar injection of calcium gluconate, monitored supplementation of serum calcium, and prompt wound excision carried out as an emergency procedure. The following case reports and literature review illustrate the important differences between exposu res to concentrated HF of as little as 2 per cent of the body surface and smaller exposures to concentrated HF or exposure to dilute HF.