Dc. Sinclair et Ar. West, USE OF SUCCINIC ACID TO TEST THE STABILITY OF PTCR BARIUM-TITANATE CERAMICS UNDER REDUCING CONDITIONS, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 78(1), 1995, pp. 241-244
On heating positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) BaTiO
3 ceramics at 350 degrees C in succinic acid powder, a reducing atmosp
here is created as the succinic acid pyrolyzes. Grain boundary resista
nces, which may give a PTCR effect, are reduced by this treatment, whe
reas surface layer resistances, which may also give a PTCR effect, are
much less affected.