A finite element formulation for three-dimensional modeling of dynamic
and static responses of structures with piezoelectric components and
the development of highly efficient closed-form expressions for elemen
t electroelastic stiffness matrices for straight-sided linear strain t
etrahedral and quadratic strain tetrahedral elements are presented. In
cluded is a discussion of procedures for combining tetrahedra to produ
ce hexahedral elements. Two simple numerical examples are presented to
illustrate the formulation.