Rd. Miller et al., FUNCTIONALIZED AZO DYES BY DIRECT ULLMANN COUPLING, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (2), 1995, pp. 245-246
A variety of thermally stable 4-(N,N-diarylamino)-4'-nitroazobenzene d
yes can be produced by direct copper-mediated C-N bond formation on pr
eformed amino substituted azo dyes, thus avoiding a troublesome azo co
upling step; the products are useful chromophores for high temperature
nonlinear optical applications.