H. He et al., OPTICAL-PARTICLE TRAPPING WITH HIGHER-ORDER DOUGHNUT BEAMS PRODUCED USING HIGH-EFFICIENCY COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAMS, J. mod. opt., 42(1), 1995, pp. 217-223
Laser beams containing higher-order phase singularities can be produce
d with high efficiency computer generated holograms made with very sim
ple equipment. Using such holograms in an optical tweezers experiment
we have successfully trapped reflective and absorptive particles in th
e dark central spot of a focused charge 3 singularity beam. Angular mo
mentum absorbed from the beam can set particles into rotation.