CITIZENSHIP FOR SOME BUT NOT FOR OTHERS - SPACES OF CITIZENSHIP IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPE

Citizenship has once again become a major item on political agendas at a time of increasing integration and closure around 'the European', e specially in response to immigration and its consequences for national identity. This article first outlines the different models and tradit ions of citizenship and their re-evaluations in contemporary Europe. I n the second part critiques directed towards the capacity of formal mo dels of citizenship are examined, to respond first to the growing reje ction of those who are deemed not to belong to European societies, esp ecially immigrants and those with ambiguous relationships to territory ; and, second, to the partial incorporation of women which has resulte d to some extent from the complex interrelationship between rights, ob ligations and resources that they encounter in the public and private spheres. In the last section the potential of diversifying spaces of g overnance in the European Community is examined briefly and also wheth er this development might open up spaces for an extended and democrati c citizenship or merely multiply the frontiers of closures.