A combining network can combine concurrently issued operations on the
same variable and fan out responses to the processes that issued the o
perations. Combining networks have been proposed with the goals of red
ucing message traffic, hotspots within the network, and contention for
shared variables. This paper extends the class of operations that can
be combined to include operations from flat atomic actions. We descri
be a class of networks called isotach networks and show that isotach n
etworks can correctly combine operations from different flat atomic ac
tions. Also we show that isotach combining networks can combine pipeli
ned operations without sacrificing sequential consistency. (C) 1995 Ac
ademic Press, Inc.