STRATEGIES OF OVARIAN-FUNCTION OF IMPORTANCE TO GYNECOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS

Objective: The purpose of this article was to examine the similarities and differences in ovarian morphology and function that are known to exist among mammalian species. The previous difficulties and present s olutions to the characterization of ovarian function in non-domestic o r non-laboratory species are discussed. Methods: The current literatur e regarding comparative ovarian structure and function was reviewed to identify exaples of the diversity found within mammals. Results: Majo r differences in ovarian anatomy include location in the body cavity; the degree of membranous covering surrounding the ovary; vascularizati on of the ovary, oviduct, and uterus; and the organization of differen t cell types within the ovary. The differences in ovarian function are simplified in this review by categorizing the known examples into six groups according to patterns in follicle growth and development, mech anisms of o ovulation, response of steroid target cells, and luteal fu nction. Conclusions: Each mammalian species has a unique expression of its ovarian function. The differences between species range from quan titative differences in ovarian cycle phase length to qualitative diff erences in cell type, endocrine activity, and mechanism of ovulation. These differences present a special problem to research scientists whe n they attempt to select models for studying many aspects of female re production.