Purpose: Chromogranin A is a good tumor marker for neuroendocrine cell
s. Whether plasma chromogranin A could be a useful marker for neuroend
ocrine differentiation of prostatic carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor
s was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Materia
ls and Methods: Plasma levels of chromogranin A were measured by enzym
e-linked immunosorbent assay in 33 patients with prostatic carcinoma,
10 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 13 with neuroendocrine
tumors (2 medullary thyroid carcinomas, 1 thymic carcinoid, 1 gastrin
producing duodenal carcinoid, 3 nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tu
mors, 2 neuroblastomas, 3 pheochromocytomas and 1 carotid body tumor).
Results: The normal level of chromogranin A from 40 healthy volunteer
s was 30 +/- 11 units per 1. (mean plus or minus standard deviation).
Mean plasma chromogranin A in patients with BPH and prostatic carcinom
a was 52.4 +/- 12.9 and 67.5 +/- 22.9 units per 1., respectively. All
patients with neuroendocrine tumors, except 1 with a nonfunctioning pa
ncreatic endocrine tumor, had elevated chromogranin A (mean 401 +/- 40
9 units per 1.). There were significant differences in plasma chromogr
anin A level between patients with BPH and neuroendocrine tumors (p <0
.01), prostatic carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors (p <0.01), and BPH
and prostatic carcinoma (p <0.05). Of the 33 patients with prostatic
carcinoma 5 had elevated chromogranin A, only 1 of whom had elevated p
rostate specific antigen. Conclusions: Chromogranin A is an excellent
marker for neuroendocrine tumors, particularly nonfunctioning tumors,
and measurement of chromogranin A is also useful to detect prostatic c
arcinoma in patients whose prostate specific antigen is not elevated.