RISK-FACTORS FOR RECURRENT FALLS IN THE ELDERLY IN LONG-TERM INSTITUTIONAL CARE

All the persons aged 70 years or older and living in long-term institu tional care in five rural northern Finnish municipalities (N = 145) we re followed up for two years, and all their fall incidents were record ed through diary reporting by the nursing staff and by examining the m edical records in hospitals, health centres and nursing homes. The stu dy population was examined halfway through the follow-up period by two nurses, a physiotherapist and a physician. Of the 93 ambulatory subje cts, 57% of the men and 56% of the women experienced at least two fall s in six months (recurrent falls): 10% of the recurrent falls resulted in a major soft tissue injury and 5% in a fracture. Logistic regressi on analyses showed the independent risk factors for recurrent falls to be slow walking speed, a change in living conditions during the previ ous two years, reduced quadriceps strength and existence of an ophthal mic disease. Many of the risk factors are potentially remediable, and they should be minimized by optimizing the care and by improving or ma intaining the functional abilities of the elderly.