THE HUMAN GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE RECEPTOR GENE - COMPLETE STRUCTURE INCLUDING MULTIPLE PROMOTERS, TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION SITES, AND POLYADENYLATION SIGNALS

The interaction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor is a critical event in the endocrine regulation of reproduction. We have recently cloned the gene encoding for the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (hGnRHR). Partial sequence analysis revealed a struc tural organization consisting of three exons and two introns. Exon II contains only 219 bp and the remainder of the approximately 5 kb trans cript is distributed between exons I and III. The complete coding regi on for the hGnRHR represented only 987 bp leaving an extensive 5' and 3' non-translated region and potentially additional exons unaccounted for. This report provides the complete sequence of exon I and III and demonstrates that further exons are unlikely to be contained within th is gene. Sequencing of the 5' end of the gene revealed the presence of five consensus TATA sequences distributed within a 700 nucleotide reg ion. Primer extension analysis detected multiple transcription initiat ion sites associated with this cluster of TATA sequences. Transcriptio n of this region up to the most 5' initiation site was demonstrated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The 5' non-translated region stretches between 703 and 1393 bp, depend ing on which initiation site is used. Several consensus cis-acting reg ulatory sequences were identified within the 5' end. These include, am ong others, sites for PEA-3, AP-1, and Pit-1. In addition, cAMP respon se element (CRE)-like and glucocorticoid/progesterone response element (GRE/PRE)-like sequences were found. The 3' end of the gene was also sequenced and five classical polyadenylation signals were found scatte red over a region of 800 nucleotides. RT-PCR conducted on the 3' non-t ranslated region confirmed transcription up to the fifth polyadenlyati on signal. Factoring in the location of the most 5' initiation site an d the most 3' polyadenylation signal, the total transcript covers a re gion of 5499 bp. The finding of multiple transcription initiation site s and polyadenylation signals raises the possibility of tissue-specifi c regulation and the existence of variable transcripts for the hGnRHR. The presence of a CRE-like sequence, Pit-1 binding site, and a GRE/PR E-like sequence is consistent with the notion that cAMP, Pit-1, and pr ogesterone are candidates for controlling the expression of this key r eceptor in reproductive physiology.