P. Ramamurthy et al., FOULING OF ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES DURING TREATMENT OF CTMP SCREW PRESS FILTRATES, Journal of pulp and paper science, 21(2), 1995, pp. 50-54
The resistance offered by hydrophilic ultrafiltration (UF) membranes t
o permeate flow was analyzed. At steady-state conditions, up to 45% of
the total resistance was found to be due to surface fouling. In the o
ptimum pressure range of 345-517 kPa (50-75 psig), operation at high t
urbulence was found most effective in minimizing fouling and in mainta
ining high permeate flux. Pulse-enhanced electro-UF increased the memb
rane flux by about 20%. Transverse-flow UF technology was found to inh
ibit the growth of the foulant layer.