Jg. Ji et al., PALLADIUM-TEMPLATED REGIOSELECTIVE AND STEREOSELECTIVE CYCLIZATION OF2'-ALKENYL 2-ALKYNOATES AND ITS SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS, Journal of organic chemistry, 60(5), 1995, pp. 1160-1169
2'-Alkenyl 2-alkynoates undergo facile stereoselective cyclization to
alpha-(haloalkylidene)-gamma-butyrolactones upon treatment with a cata
lytic amount of palladium complex in the presence of CuX(2) and LiX. W
hen an alkyl group is introduced to the 1'-position of the alkenyl gro
up, unsubstituted 2-propynoates mainly give trans-beta, gamma-disubsti
tuted gamma-lactones, and substituted 2-propynoates afford cis-beta,ga
mma-disubstituted gamma-lactones. Further elaborations of the halogen
atoms and the synthesis of A-factor using this method are exemplified.