With the lowest per capita arable land base in Africa, and with a rapi
dly increasing population, sustainability of agriculture in Egypt has
now become a critical issue. This paper discusses the critical sustain
ability issues that need to be considered, and the important policy-re
lated issues in the areas of land and water-resource management that m
erit urgent attention, if the sustainability of Egyptian agriculture i
n the 21st century is to be assured.