P. Szabo et O. Hassager, SIMULATION OF FREE SURFACES IN 3-D WITH THE ARBITRARY LAGRANGE-EULER METHOD, International journal for numerical methods in engineering, 38(5), 1995, pp. 717-734
The arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) kinematic description has been impl
emented in a 3-D transient finite element program so as to simulate mu
ltiple fluid flows with Surfaces and interfaces of general shapes. The
description of fluid interfaces includes continuity of velocity and a
discontinuous tangential and normal stress appropriate for fluids of
variable interfacial tension. The formulation is particularly relevant
to the description of low and intermediate Reynolds number flow domin
ated by interfacial tension.