This paper starts with a survey of some recent results on least-square
s (LS) and LS-based self-tuning regulators (STR). Several long-standin
g problems concerning the basic properties of LS-based STR, such as st
ability, optimality, consistency and the best convergence rate, are so
lved within a unified framework. Some previously related results are a
lso subsumed and extended. Various new techniques for analysing LS-bas
ed adaptive tracking systems are presented, which may also be useful f
or analysing other adaptive control problems.