REGIONAL CEREBRAL METABOLISM OF GLUCOSE IN COMATOSE AND VEGETATIVE STATE PATIENTS

Regional cerebral metabolism of glucose (rCMR(glu)) was evaluated in p atients who were in a coma and vegetative state to determine the level of brain function during these conditions. rCMR(glu) was measured in 17 discrete brain regions with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in 15 patients with brain path ology subsequent to cardiorespiratory arrest (CA), head trauma (HT), o r brain ischemia (BI) resulting from cerebrovascular accident or brain surgery. Five comatose patients (Coma group, n = 5), and 10 vegetativ e state patients (VS, patients awake but not aware) were studied. The VS patients were subdivided, according to the length of their VS condi tion, into a VS group (n = 6, <3 months if CA or BI patients, or <12 m onths if HT patients) and a persistent vegetative state group (PVS, n = 4, >3 months if CA or BI patients or >12 months if HT patients). Ten normal age-matched subjects served as control. Global CMR(glu) was 6. 72 +/- 0.93 (+/- SD) mg/100 g/min in control subjects. It was signific antly (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) reduced to 3.70 +/- 61 in coma, to 3.45 +/- 0.78 in VS, and to 2.33 +/- 0.34 mg/100 g/min in PVS patie nts. rCMR(glu) was significantly reduced (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.00 1) from control values in all the 17 structures surveyed in every pati ent. In the Coma and VS groups, there was an overlapping of rCMR(glu) in the majority of the brain structures. The only significant differen ce was in the occipital lobe, at level of the primary visual cortex, w here a higher metabolic rate was found in VS patients (4.08 +/- 0.89 v s. 3.79 +/- 0.63 mg/100 g/min, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001). rCMR(gl u) was maximally reduced in PVS patients (range, 50-72%), and the redu ction was significantly lower than that of the Coma (range, 36-54%) an d VS (range, 34-54%) groups in all the structures (p less-than-or-equa l-to 0.001). Global, as well as rCMR(glu), did not correlate with clin ical outcome, whereas younger age significantly correlated with recove ry of consciousness.