Dl. Smatlak et al., CHARGE NEUTRALIZATION IN ION IMPLANTERS, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 96(1-2), 1995, pp. 22-29
The control of wafer charging in high current implantation is the key
to maintaining high yield as gate oxide thicknesses decrease. The effe
ctiveness of different charge neutralization techniques and different
Faraday configurations have been evaluated using an in situ charge sen
sor in the Varian E1000 high current ion implanter. The in situ measur
ements also aid in understanding the charging process and underscore t
he plasma nature of the ion beam.