RECIPROCAL SUBSTITUTIONS ANALYSIS OF EMBRYO INDUCTION AND PLANT-REGENERATION FROM ANTHER CULTURE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L)

Reciprocal substitutions for all chromosomes between the hard red wint er wheat cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne were used to investigate the e ffects of individual chromosomes, as well as their interactions with t he genetic background, on androgenesis, Duplicate lines for each chrom osome were included to check background homogeneity. Six experiments, two for each genome, were performed. In each experiment, 14 substituti on lines, their 14 duplicate lines, and the two parental genotypes ('C heyenne' and 'Wichita') were studied. The experimental design was a ra ndomized block with three replications. 'Wichita' and 'Cheyenne' diffe red significantly in embryo yield and green plant regeneration (except green plant regeneration for the B-genome tests) and were equal for a lbino and total plant regeneration. Embryogenesis was influenced by so me chromosomes of the A, B, and D genomes; green plant production was influenced by all chromosomes of the A and D genomes except 5D; albino and total plant regeneration were affected by some chromosomes of the B and D genomes. Reciprocal effects were obtained with chromosomes 1A , 7A, 1B, 5B, 1D, and 2D for embryogenesis, chromosomes 2D and 7D for green plant regeneration, and chromosome 2D for total plant regenerati on. Reciprocal substitution lines revealed reciprocal effects of homol ogous chromosomes, as well as interactions between substituted chromos omes and their specific genetic background.