Ms. Weldon et al., PERCEPTUAL AND CONCEPTUAL PROCESSES IN IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT TESTS WITH PICTURE FRAGMENT AND WORD-FRAGMENT CUES, Journal of memory and language, 34(2), 1995, pp. 268-285
In two experiments subjects studied mixed lists of pictures and words
presented once (P, W), twice in the same form (PP, WW), or twice in di
fferent forms (PW, WP). The different-form condition repeated the conc
ept but not the perceptual features of the stimulus. In Experiment 1,
subjects received either an implicit word fragment completion (WFC) te
st, an implicit picture fragment identification (PFI) test, or a word-
recognition test. On the WFC and PFI tests, neither repetition effects
nor cross-form priming were obtained, indicating that performance was
predominantly data-driven. However, repetition benefited recognition.
In Experiment 2, subjects received explicit tests with either the wor
d fragments or picture fragments as retrieval cues. Repetition effects
and cross-form recall were now obtained on both tests, showing that c
onceptual processing contributed to performance. These dissociations a
re consistent with a transfer appropriate processing framework and sug
gest that explicit memory tests engage more conceptual processing than
implicit tests, even with test cues held constant. The results meet t
he retrieval intentionality criterion and indicate that the implicit t
ests were not measurably contaminated by intentional recollection. (C)
1995 Academic Press, Inc.