There are conflicting tendencies among recent developments in bargaini
ng and participation at the workplace level in Europe. While there is
an emphasis on decentralisation of bargaining structures in many count
ries, there is considerable variance. Similarly, there is a diversity
of approaches to both direct and indirect forms of participation. Desp
ite attempts by the European Community to integrate policies on these
matters among member countries, external influences such as the global
isation of economies and technologies are leading to diverse outcomes.