A novel embryo-forming system has been developed in which carrot somat
ic embryogenesis takes place in an one-stage process from epidermal ce
lls in the absence of 2,4-D, provided hypocotyl explants are incubated
in a liquid MS medium containing 2,4-D for 12-24 h. In this system, s
omatic embryos develop directly via the formation of cluster cells fro
m epidermal cells without intervening callus and a suspension-culture
phase.