The number of injecting drug users in the Central and Eastern Sydney A
rea Health Services (CSAHS and ESAHS) in 1989-1990 was estimated by ap
plying the Petersen mark-recapture method to data obtained from the Au
stralian National AIDS and Injecting Drug Use Surveys conducted in 198
9 and in 1990. The population estimates for injecting drug users were
8368 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 6099 to 11 829) for ESAHS a
nd 1466 (CI 742 to 2841) for CSHS. An estimate was also obtained for t
he number of injecting opioid users residing within the ESAHS; our fig
ure of 3597 (CI 2731 to 5737) was consistent with previously reported
estimates obtained using mark-recapture but based on different data se
ts.