SPATIAL LANGUAGE AND SPATIAL REPRESENTATION

This study explores the commonalities between linguistic and visual re presentations of space. In particular, because common types of spatial relations, specifically closed-class spatial forms in language and qu alitative spatial relations in perception, have been proposed in both representational systems, we investigate whether they share underlying structural similarities. Moreover, while visual spatial relations are a basic element of several theories of object representation, they ha ve been characterized mainly in terms of their linguistic counterparts and without direct evidence about their organization. In order to ill uminate the nature of these structures, as well as demonstrate possibl e correspondences between the two systems, we compare how the spatial relationship between pairs of objects in a scene is encoded linguistic ally and visually. Spatial language was investigated by having subject s either generate (Experiment 1) or rate the applicability of (Experim ent 2) spatial terms for describing the spatial relationship between o bject pairs. Both the frequency of use and the applicability of spatia l terms were highest when the two objects were in vertical or in horiz ontal alignment. Spatial representation was investigated by paradigms in which subjects either recalled the position of one object relative to the other (Experiment 3) or judged whether one object presented seq uentially was in the same or a different position relative to the othe r (Experiment 4). The accuracy of position estimates and the sensitivi ty to shifts in position were both highest when the rated object was i n a spatial location where spatial terms had been judged to have high applicability in Experiments 1 and 2. These results indicate that the structure of space as encoded by language may be determined by the str ucture of spatial relations in visual representation.