S. Sundar et al., IMMUNOCHEMOTHERAPY FOR A SYSTEMIC INTRACELLULAR INFECTION - ACCELERATED RESPONSE USING INTERFERON-GAMMA IN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS, The Journal of infectious diseases, 171(4), 1995, pp. 992-996
To determine if cytokine immunotherapy accelerates the response to con
ventional treatment in visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), previously
untreated Indian patients were given antimony for 30 days (n = 15) or
antimony plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; n = 16), After 10 days, 10
(63%) of 16 patients treated with antimony plus IFN-gamma versus 1 (7%
) of 15 randomized to antimony alone were considered cured of parasite
s (P < .005), On day 20, 14 (93%) of 15 versus 6 (40%) of 15 patients,
respectively, were apparent clinical cures (P < .006), and treatment
was discontinued early in the 14 IFN-gamma-treated responders, Day 30
apparent cure rates (100% vs. 73%) and 6-month ultimate cure responses
(87% vs, 60%) were higher in IFN-gamma-treated patients but not stati
stically different from controls (P > .05), All 13 IFN-gamma-treated s
ubjects who were cured (12 of whom received therapy for 20 days) have
remained healthy with follow-up of 14-24 months (mean, 18.9), These re
sults indicate that IFN-gamma successfully accelerates the parasitolog
ic and clinical response to antimony treatment, an effect that should
permit shortening the duration of conventional therapy in previously u
ntreated kala-azar.