It is argued that research about the Five-Factor model has much to gai
n from specification and analysis of middle-level categories that brid
ge the distance between the broad-band Five-Factor level and the adjec
tive or item revel. Two competing approaches, the AB5C-model and the N
EO-PIR model, are discussed as viable but not necessarily incompatible
approaches for further differentiation of the Five-Factor model. Anal
ysis at the intermediate level of trait categorisation is considered t
o be essential for charting the developmental roots of the Five-Factor
model and to advance cross-language comparisons of trait structure.