Ac. Guimaraes et al., THE EMG-FORCE RELATIONSHIP OF THE CAT SOLEUS MUSCLE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CONTRACTILE CONDITIONS DURING LOCOMOTION, Journal of Experimental Biology, 198(4), 1995, pp. 975-987
The relationship between force and electromyographic (EMG) signals of
the cat soleus muscle was obtained for three animals during locomotion
at five different speeds (154 steps), using implanted EMG electrodes
and a force transducer. Experimentally obtained force-IEMG (=integrate
d EMG) relationships were compared with theoretically predicted instan
taneous activation levels calculated by dividing the measured force by
the predicted maximal force that the muscle could possibly generate a
s a function of its instantaneous contractile conditions, In addition,
muscular forces were estimated from the corresponding EMG records exc
lusively using an adaptive filtering approach. Mean force-IEMG relatio
nships were highly non-linear but similar in shape for different cats
and different speeds of locomotion. The theoretically predicted activa
tion-time plots typically showed two peaks, as did the IEMG-time plots
. The first IEMG peak tended to be higher than the second one and it a
ppeared to be associated with the initial priming of the muscle for fo
rce production at paw contact and the peak force observed early during
the stance phase. The second IEMG peak appeared to be a burst of high
muscle activation, which might have compensated for the levels of mus
cle length and shortening velocity that were suboptimal during the lat
ter part of the stance phase. Although it was difficult to explain the
soleus forces on the basis of the theoretically predicted instantaneo
us activation levels, it was straightforward to approximate these forc
es accurately from EMG data using an adaptive filtering approach.