The ElectroScan environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is o
ne of the most exciting new developments in the field of Electron Micr
oscopy. The ESEM differs from conventional Scanning Electron Microscop
es (SEM) by being able to examine materials including liquids and oils
in their natural state with no prior sample preparation. Accessory eq
uipment, cooling, heating and manipulating devices allow the manipulat
ion of samples thus making it possible for the first time to image dyn
amic processes such as wetting, drying, absorption, corrosion, melting
, crystallisation, curing and fracturing at high magnification.