A 32-year-old male was referred to intensive care with possible respir
atory sepsis 15 days after sustaining 73 per cent TBSA electrical burn
s. investigation revealed previously undiagnosed hyperosmolar non-keto
tic diabetic coma. The aetiology, pathogenesis and management of this
recognized complication of major burns is discussed. An interesting fe
ature of this case is recovery from 73 per rent burns, severe hyperosm
olar non-ketotic diabetic coma and a serum osmolality of 429 mosmol/kg
, each of which carry a high mortality probability.