Ja. Ottea et al., BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-MECHANISMS OF PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F), Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 51(2), 1995, pp. 117-128
Pharmacokinetic and physiological assays were used to determine mechan
isms associated with pyrethroid resistance in Heliothis virescens (F.)
that were collected from two cotton growing regions in Louisiana. Com
pared with those from a susceptible reference strain, levels of metabo
lism and excretion of cypermethrin were higher in larvae from some (bu
t not all) field collections, and were highest in populations sampled
during mid to late season. Adult insects also exhibited levels of cype
rmethrin metabolism and excretion that were higher than those measured
in a laboratory reference strain but increased metabolism was not ass
ociated with reduced levels of mortality. Reduced neuronal sensitivity
was detected in larvae from all field collections tested. Frequencies
of individuals expressing target site resistance to allethrin were hi
ghest in an early-season (June) collection, but were reduced in late-s
eason populations sampled from the same location. These results indica
te that multiple mechanisms are associated with pyrethroid resistance
in tobacco budworms, and that frequencies at which these mechanisms ar
e expressed in populations of H. virescens may fluctuate during the gr
owing season. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.