THE DUAL DIAGNOSIS OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER AND SUBSTANCE-ABUSE - CASE-REPORTS AND LITERATURE-REVIEW

Background: It is now recognized that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may persist into adulthood. A number of studies have f ound an association between ADHD and substance abuse. This article des cribes three adult patients with both ADHD and substance abuse who wer e treated successfully with psychostimulants. A review of the relevant literature is included. Method: The patients were drawn from a univer sity-based referral center for adults with ADHD. Evaluations for ADHD and substance abuse were completed. Medical therapy and follow-up were completed by the first author. Results: All of the patients responded to psychostimulants and have remained abstinent from alcohol and othe r drugs for the past 2 to 3 years. Conclusion: This case series and re view of the literature suggest that specific treatment for ADHD with p sychostimulants is feasible in patients who also have substance abuse. Future studies should evaluate the prevalence of this ''dual diagnosi s'' and the efficacy of differing management strategies.